Le biobanche di ricerca Problematiche etico-sociali tra diritti dell'individuo e prospettiva comunitaria
Pubblicato: giugno 30, 2013
Abstract Views: 550
PDF: 6
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Autori
Facoltà di Medicina e chirurgia "A.
Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
----------
In the last decade, the establishment of organized biobanks (collections of biological samples and associated data) has grown at both the national and international level. The metaphor of the bank was questioned, as it recalls a lucrative scope and reduces a new field of biomedicine that could develop innovative methods for promotion of human health to the perspective of individual profit. Other analogies such as art collections, voluntary organizations, libraries or repositories ("teca") were proposed as the primary function of these collections is an advance of research for public interest. New strategies of diagnosis, prevention and therapy for various illnesses are expected to be derived from studies that focus on the understanding of the contributions of genes, lifestyle and environment, to the development of complex diseases. However, at the same time, activities related to research biobanking carry significant ethical risks and arise for social concern. This paper after such a general examination focuses on the specific ethical and socio- ethical issues in this field. This involved topics such as public trust, informed consent, privacy, return of results, risk of genetic discrimination and social stigmatization, commercialization, property and benefit sharing. Furthermore, while analysing these topics, two fundamental theoretical approaches in the ethics of biobanking were addressed: the protection of individual's rights perspective and the communitarian perspective. The central concern in pointing out this debate is to solve the problem of how biobanks should be organized and managed between guarantees of individual interests and rights (like informed consent and privacy) on one hand and the realization of the common good (in terms of research progress and benefits for public health) on other. Whilst one perspective risks being excessively paternalistic and procedural, the other can tend to be rhetoric, purely utilitarian or contractual. Finally, the article ends with an open-ended discussion by considering critical points of both frameworks, by referring to some particular "bridging concepts" aimed at balancing the excessive views, and by emphasizing the relevance of some socio-political challenges of current biobank research policy.
Come citare
Å uleková, M. (2013). Le biobanche di ricerca Problematiche etico-sociali tra diritti dell’individuo e prospettiva comunitaria. Medicina E Morale, 62(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2013.96
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
An Open Access Publication is one that meets the following two conditions:
- the author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
- a complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.