https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2020.854
La malattia mentale in alcune comunità dell'Africa Sub-Sahariana: la prospettiva della bioetica e dell'assistenza infermieristica transculturale
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Autori
Il presente articolo si propone di portare all'attenzione dell'assistenza infermieristica transculturale (cd. "transcultural nursing") le questioni bioetiche derivanti dall'interpretazione e dal "trattamento" della malattia mentale secondo una certa cultura africana. Il lavoro è l'esito di quattro studi sul campo, condotti dagli autori dal 2016 al 2019 in Africa subsahariana occidentale, durante i quali è stata indagata la prassi tradizionale della contenzione dei malati mentali in catene, perpetuata dalle famiglie o da sedicenti guaritori. Queste pratiche inumane appellano la bioetica che si cimenta nel tentativo di negoziare il superamento di tale prassi tradizionale non esercitando un gesto di violenza e negazione dell'identità culturale dei popoli che in essa si riconoscono. Il modello di Grègoire Ahongbonon e della sua Associazione "Saint Camille de Lellis" viene considerato un esempio di mediazione tra il rispetto delle tradizioni culturali e la garanzia dei diritti umani. La pratica assistenziale in vigore presso i centri della Saint Camille è vista nei suoi punti di contatto con l'assistenza infermieristica transculturale, entrambe considerate idonee alla garanzia della dignità e dei diritti dei pazienti.
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