https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.834
Il corpo e le sue parti. L'allocazione giuridica dei materiali biologici umani
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Lo statuto del corpo umano sta cambiando rapidamente sotto le pressioni dei nuovi sviluppi delle biotecnologie, e pone dilemmi inediti al diritto. Si tratta, in particolare, delle dicotomie tra: corpo-soggetto e corpo-oggetto, uguaglianza o diversità delle parti del corpo, naturalità e artificialità dei prodotti derivati da materiali biologici umani. L'articolo dedica attenzione allo statuto delle parti distaccate del corpo, per valutare la coerenza e l'adeguatezza del loro inquadramento giuridico attuale. Anche se la configurazione proprietaria delle componenti corporee viene generalmente respinta - perchè lesiva della dignità umana - le nozioni impiegate nella configurazione degli atti di disposizione e acquisizione delle parti del corpo non riescono veramente a restare immuni dall'idea di proprietà. Benchè la connotazione del corpo come res extra commercium indichi la chiara volontà di escludere da questo ogni considerazione economica, paradossalmente il mercato finisce con il divenire l'unico tratto unificante e determinante la disciplina degli atti dispositivi. Una coerente tutela giuridica del corpo e delle sue parti -e la sottrazione al mercato- può passare attraverso nozioni giuridiche che ne sottolineino la natura di bene comune e condiviso, pur nel rispetto della libertà e dignità degli individui.
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