https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.820
Le risposte mediche e sociali alle richieste eutanasiche
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Autori
I moderni mezzi di terapia e di sostegno vitale mirano a rimuovere in modo duraturo le malattie, ma quando guarigioni o miglioramenti non sono più possibili, lo scopo è quello di ritardare l'esito mortale. Da qui i timori dei mala ti di non riuscire a sopportare le ultime fasi di malattia e il conseguente radicarsi di tendenze ad anticipare la morte con pratiche eutanasiche. Il presente articolo intende proprio soffermarsi sulle richieste dei pazienti coscienti di anticipare la morte.
L'Autore distingue e analizza tre diverse forme di eutanasia: suicidio concesso dal medico, intervento mortale del medico, rifiuto di iniziare o proseguire le cure vitali. Successivamente vengono affrontati gli aspetti epidemiiologici del fenomeno, i limiti del principio di autonomia che non può assolutamente giustificare l'eliminazione della ragione di essere dell'individuo, il perchè delle richieste eutanasiche, le risposte sociali e le cure palliative, l'importanza dell'assistenza psicologica al morente, l'"ortotanasia" come alternativa all'eutanasia (consiste nell'opporsi agli istinti di autodistruzione e ai diversi fattori emotivi che rifiutano la morte, attraverso un atteggiamento razionale di preparazione a questo inevitabile percorso di vita), l'assistenza spirituale, la questione del "duplice effetto": tutte questioni che aprono un acceso dibattito sui molteplici problemi etici riguardanti le pratiche eutanasiche.
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