Il ruolo della consulenza di etica clinica in ospedale
Pubblicato: agosto 1, 2016
Abstract Views: 1872
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Autori
Medico, Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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The complexity of medicine today and of the relationships between healthcare professionals and patients (and family members) is such that very often doctors and nurses are faced with ethical dilemmas which are difficult to resolve. Ethics consultation is a common and consolidated practice in North America, unlike in most European countries. It is a valuable and effective tool for dealing with the most complex aspects of healthcare and in understanding the values involved and the ethical aspects of the possible choices. However, it is a widely held view that ethics consultation must not be directive. Moreover, we also have to be aware that, as authoritative as the ethics consultant or the ethics committee is, their opinions on ethical matters cannot be considered definitive. In particular, the responsibility for decisions and actions belongs to those who carry them out. It is important, therefore, to stress that ethics consultation does not remove or attenuate the responsibility of healthcare professionals in decision making, either in clinical or ethical terms. Meanwhile, every possible effort must be made to create awareness among doctors and nurses that clinical ethics is a specific area of professional competency that needs to be improved and updated. In the critical care setting, the experience in North America in particular has highlighted how ethics consultation can be an effective tool in intensive care unit (ICU) by assisting the team in decision making, as well as helping patients and their families. Specifically, ethics consultation has had a statistically significant impact in reducing the use of life support as well as in decreasing the length of hospital stay and the days spent in ICU in those patients who ultimately will not survive to discharge, without, however, affecting death rates. Looking ahead, we can agree that the clinical ethics consultant should become a familiar figure for the clinician and there to support patients, their families and all those variously involved in healthcare (from doctors to administrators of the health system). However, it is essential to define a sound training program for consultants so that clinical ethics (taken to mean "a structured approach to ethical questions in clinical medicine") is not seen as an "ideological" activity, but instead as one that demands both great competence and great equilibrium.
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