https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2014.52

Retorica ed etica ambientale: il contributo di Arne Naess

V. 63 N. 4 (2014)
Pubblicato: agosto 30, 2014
Etica ambientale, ecologia, ontologia della Gestalt, Deep Ecology, retorica progressiva / Environmental ethics, ecology, Gestalt ontology, progressive rhetoric
Abstract Views: 1111
PDF: 1
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Autori

Luca Valera
l.valera@unicampus.it
Istituto di Filosofia dell'Agire Scientifico e Tecnologico (FAST), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy.
Gran parte dei contributi attuali di etica ambientale soffrono di un approccio retorico regressivo, in quanto enfatizzano il potere distruttivo dell'uomo anzichè le sue potenzialità costruttive: l'etica si trasforma così in "scienza triste", chiamata a limitare le possibilità umane di intervenire sull'ambiente. Il tentativo di Arne Naess consiste nel riscattare da tale degradazione l'etica ambientale mediante un approccio retorico progressivo, fondato su una concezione relazionale dell'essere umano e dell'essere vivente. Il percorso intrapreso da Naess - ben esemplificato nello scritto Ecology, Community and Lifestyle - prende così avvio da una considerazione e da un'interpretazione dell'esperienza spontanea e giunge all'elaborazione di una semantica ad essa coerente. Il primo insegnamento che tale esperienza spontanea ci rivela è il nostro essere immersi in un contesto vitale relazionale, dal quale dipendiamo, e che continuamente ci forma e costituisce: per interpretare correttamente il nostro rapporto con gli altri esseri viventi occorre, dunque, accedere a quella che Naess chiama "Ontologia della Gestalt". Tale ontologia necessita di nuove parole, che sappiano comunicare adeguatamente il nuovo sistema di pensiero: i termini "natura", "ambiente", "identificazione" e "auto-realizzazione" costituiscono alcuni esempi della semantica elaborata da Naess. L'ultimo passo compiuto dal filosofo norvegese consiste nell'elaborazione di un'ideologia pratica, ossia di un modello capace di indirizzare e di orientare in maniera positiva e propositiva l'azione umana, finalizzata allo stesso tempo alla realizzazione del sè e alla fioritura del sistema nel quale ogni essere vivente è inserito: nasce così il Manifesto della Deep Ecology, perfetta sintesi di retorica progressiva.
----------
Most of the recent publications in environmental ethics are affected by a degenerative rhetoric, since they stress the human destructive power rather than its positive aptitude; in this regard, ethics becomes a "melancholic science", as it drastically limits human impact on environment. Pointing out the intrinsic relational character of human beings and of other living beings by means of a progressive rhetoric, the philosopher Arne Naess tried to release ethics from this impasse. Naess' speculation, thus, starts from an innovative consideration of spontaneous experience, in order to develop an adequate semantics, as he pointed out in Ecology, Community and Lifestyle. Spontaneous experience reveals us that we live in - and depend on - an intertwined set of relationships, which continuously constitutes and forms us. In order to correctly understand our relationship with other living beings we need to develop a Gestalt Ontology. This ontology requires new words to adequately spread the innovative system of thought: the terms "nature", "environment", "identification", and "self-realization" represent a good example of Naess' original semantics. Finally, we analyze the Deep Ecology Manifesto, which represents a successful case of progressive rhetoric, since it aims to positively steer human choices to self-realization and ecosystems' flourishing.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Come citare

Valera, L. (2014). Retorica ed etica ambientale: il contributo di Arne Naess. Medicina E Morale, 63(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2014.52

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.

An Open Access Publication is one that meets the following two conditions:

  1. the author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
  2. a complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.