https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.516

"Primato dell'essere umano" e principio di autonomia nella Convenzione di Oviedo / "Primacy of the human being" and autonomy principle in the Oviedo Convention

V. 66 N. 6 (2017)
Ricevuto: gennaio 25, 2018
Accettato: gennaio 25, 2018
Pubblicato: gennaio 25, 2018
Convenzione di Oviedo, beneficialità, autonomia individuale, diritti del paziente, consenso informato, direttive anticipate / Oviedo Convention, beneficence, personal autonomy, patient rights, informed consent, advance directives
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Autori

Barbara Troncarelli
barbara.troncarelli@unimol.it
Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Pesche (IS), Italy.
A prescindere dalle difficoltà incontrate nella costruzione di un quadro normativo comune sui diritti umani nel campo della biomedicina in Europa, la Convenzione di Oviedo ha raggiunto notevoli risultati a livello bioetico. In particolare, il «primato dell'essere umano» dell'art. 2 è un concetto fondamentale e complesso, con importanti implicazioni nella riflessione bioetica odierna. Da questa riflessione è possibile desumere la distinzione concettuale tra "diritto del corpo" e "diritto sul corpo", riguardo alla quale la Convenzione appare più orientata verso il principio di beneficialità nel salvaguardare il "diritto del corpo", piuttosto che verso un'affermazione incondizionata del principio di autonomia individuale e di un correlativo "diritto sul corpo". Una conferma dell'equilibrio perseguìto dalla Convenzione su libertà e responsabilità, nonchè tra autonomia e beneficialità, è offerta dall'art. 9, in cui si afferma che occorre prendere in considerazione, ma non necessariamente rispettare, i desideri espressi in precedenza dal paziente.
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Regardless of the difficulties encountered in building a common regulatory framework for the protection of human rights in the biomedical field in Europe, the Oviedo Convention has achieved remarkable results at the bioethics level. In particular, the «primacy of the human being» in article 2 is a fundamental and complex concept, with important implications in today's bioethical reflection. From this reflection it's possible to draw the conceptual distinction between "right of the body" and "right on the body", about which the Convention appears more oriented towards the beneficence principle in safeguarding the "right of the body", than towards an unconditional affirmation of individual autonomy principle and of a correlative "right on the body". Article 9 provides a confirmation of the equilibrium pursued by the Convention on freedom and responsibility, as well as between autonomy and beneficence, stating that the wishes previously expressed by the patient shall be taken into account, but do not necessarily have to be respected.

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Come citare

Troncarelli, B. (2018). "Primato dell’essere umano" e principio di autonomia nella Convenzione di Oviedo / "Primacy of the human being" and autonomy principle in the Oviedo Convention. Medicina E Morale, 66(6), 717–733. https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.516

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