https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2014.48

Hacia una retórica propositiva para la bioètica

V. 63 N. 4 (2014)
Pubblicato: agosto 30, 2014
Retorica, programmi di ricerca, tempo, libertà, dolore / Rhetoric, research programs, time, freedom, pain
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Autori

Alfredo Marcos
amarcos@fyl.uva.es
Catedrático de Filosofía de la Ciencia, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain.
La retorica si configura come una tecnica di comunicazione e persuasione, e in quanto tale può essere impiegata al servizio della verità o della manipolazione. E' perfettamente legittimo, se non necessario, impiegare le tecniche migliori di comunicazione al servizio di quello che ciascuno ritiene vero, buono e bello. Quelli che sono convinti della verità, bontà e bellezza delle bioetica di ispirazione cristiana hanno il compito di cercare la miglior strategia retorica per comunicarla. E' mia opinione che la bioetica di ispirazione cristiana abbia insistito molto nella linea di una retorica critica e di risposta, ma abbia investito troppo poco in chiave costruttiva e propositiva. Questo ha generato l'impressione che la bioetica di ispirazione cristiana costituisca - in termini del filosofo Lakatos - un "programma di ricerca regressivo", che, pur rispondendo bene alle critiche, non propone nulla. Per tale motivo nel dibattito contemporaneo la bioetica cristiana soffre la mancanza di iniziativa positiva. Nel presente articolo intendo sviluppare questa idea. A tal fine, dopo una riflessione introduttiva sulla natura della retorica (sezione 1), proseguo segnalando alcuni punti particolarmente importanti per la comunicazione in bioetica: la retorica del tempo (sezione 2), della libertà (sezione 3) e del dolore (sezione 4). Nella conclusione propongo infine una riflessione sulla possibilità di una retorica progressiva al servizio della bioetica di ispirazione cristiana (sezione 5).
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Rhetoric is a technique of communication and persuasion. As such, it may be employed at the service of truth or manipulation. It is perfectly legitimate, or even necessary, to use the best techniques of communication to honestly serve what you believe is true, good and beautiful. Those who are convinced of the truth, goodness and beauty of a Christian-inspired bioethics, are committed to find the best rhetorical ways to communicate it. In my opinion, the Christian-inspired bioethics has placed great emphasis in the line of the fair critical responses, but it may have not cultivated so much the rhetoric of the constructive proposals. This fact could give the false impression that the Christian- inspired bioethics is - let's say it in Lakatos' terms - a "regressive research program"; that it responds correctly, but does not propose anything. Thus it suffers a lack of initiative in the realm of the current debates. This article tries to develop this idea. To do this, I start with a general reflection on the rhetoric (Section 1) and then point out some particularly sensitive topics for the communication of bioethics: the rhetoric of time (Section 2), freedom (Section 3) and suffering (Section 4). The text concludes with a reflection on the possibility of a progressive rhetoric for communicating a Christian-inspired bioethics (section 5).

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Marcos, A. (2014). Hacia una retórica propositiva para la bioètica. Medicina E Morale, 63(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2014.48

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