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Matto da slegare. Bioetica tra rispetto della prassi tradizionale e diritti umani / Madmen to untie. Bioethics between respect of cultural practices and human rights
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In Africa, demonology, cults, rituals and religious myths are very often combined with issues related to health care. Today the overlap between insanity and demonic possession is still widely widespread. It is typical of the animist mentality that leads to the serious problem of psychiatric patient marginalization and restraint. The mentally ill arouses dread in the community that fears the contagion, so in most cases, the patient commits herself/himself to religious sects or to prayer centers, where the healers, shamans and gurus charge very high prices to imprison the patient in tree trunks or to chain up the patient to stumps or concrete blocks, in order to neutralize the evil force. Life in chains makes the sick patients lame, and sometimes leads them to death for malnutrition and neglect. In this way, issues related to health and health care, intersecting with religious rituals, involve bioethics and rights compared with a problem that cannot be postponed any further. It is a matter of barbarity that takes place in the complete disregard of WHO and of the major international organizations, aware of the nightmare experienced by these "prisoners" since at least 30 years, when Gregoire Ahongbonon from Benin, the "black Basaglia", established in the Ivory Coast his "Saint Camille de Lellis of Bouakè" and - literally - began to release the mentally ill patients from the chains. The proposed analysis aims to clarify that, even if respecting the different cultures, there is a limit that cannot be crossed: the respect of human rights that is the basis and the foundation of every discourse on pluralism and interculture.
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