https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2005.409

La fondazione filosofico-teologica dell'etica dell'ambiente

V. 54 N. 1 (2005)
Pubblicato: febbraio 28, 2005
Ambiente, etica, persona, teologia / Environment, ethics, person, theology
Abstract Views: 447
PDF: 3
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Autori

Karl Golser
dekan@hs-itb.it
Preside dello Studio Teologico Accademico, Bressanone (BZ); Direttore dell'Istituto per la Giustizia, la Pace e la Salvaguardia del Creato, Bressanone, Italy.
Storicamente si può affermare che la Santa Sede è stata all'avanguardia nell'attenzione posta ai problemi ecologici, perchè le sue prime prese di posizione risalgono all'inizio degli anni '70. Un'etica teologica cattolica si è sviluppata dalla metà degli anni '80, dopo che le scienze bibliche hanno dovuto confutare l'accusa che l'antropocentrismo della Bibbia sia stata una delle cause dello sfruttamento della terra. Le ragioni storiche di un atteggiamento sbagliato verso la natura sono da vedere piuttosto nel pensiero filosofico moderno che si è sviluppato spesso in contrapposizione al cristianesimo, mentre la Bibbia e la teologia hanno in verità una visione teocentrica della creazione. I tentativi filosofici, che al posto dell'uomo vogliono mettere al centro della riflessione etica la natura stessa o la vita o anche la possibilità di soffrire, non hanno consistenza perchè soltanto la persona umana come essere consapevole e libero può assumersi una responsabilità etica. Bisogna però tener conto di tutte le altre creature che in quanto create hanno una loro dignità propria. Essere creati significa essere relazionati a Dio; la fede in Dio Creatore comporta così un l'antropocentrismo relazionale. Da questi presupposti può essere sviluppata un'etica ecologica teologica che ha due percorsi, uno che insiste sul cambiamento necessario degli atteggiamenti di fondo verso la natura (le virtù ecologiche), ed uno che da determinati principi e da esperienze consolidate formula delle norme concrete per l'agire ecologico responsabile.
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Historically, one can say that the Holy See has been a pioneer for the attention paid to ecological issues, as it started taking a stance on the topic already in the early '70s of XX century. A catholic theological ethics was developed in the mid-'80s, after the biblical sciences had to refuse the accusation that made biblical anthropocentrism one of the main causes of the exploitation of the earth. The historical reasons for a wrong attitude toward nature are to be found instead in the contemporary philosophical thinking that often developed against Christianity, while theology and the Bible promote a theocentric vision of creation. The philosophical attempts that place nature or life, or even the chance to suffer in lieu of man at the center of the ethical way of thinking, have no grounds because only human beings, self-aware and free, can take ethical responsibility. One needs to consider all creatures that, being created, have a dignity of their own. Being created means having a relation with God. Hence, the faith in the Creator involves a relational anthropocentrism. Departing from such assumptions, a theological environmental ethics can be developed along two paths, one insisting on the necessary change of the basic stance toward nature (i.e. ecological virtues), the other starting from recognized principles and experiences and postulating actual rules for responsible ecological behavior.

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Golser, K. (2005). La fondazione filosofico-teologica dell’etica dell’ambiente. Medicina E Morale, 54(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2005.409

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