Dell'incertezza: che cosa provano i pazienti in PVS?
Pubblicato: febbraio 28, 2006
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Autori
Dottore di ricerca in Scienze Cognitive presso l'Università degli Studi di Siena; Perfezionamento
in Bioetica presso il Centro di Bioetica dell'Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Milano, Italy.
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In this article the author's aim is not simply opposing the principle of the sacrality of life to the quality one, but rather underlining the inner contradictions of the functional positions in bioethics with their own assumptions. The definition of consciousness, e.g., (that, by these same positions, is a basic feature in defining the concept of person) is grounded on neuroscientifical data still in progress. Nowadays, we have not a common definition of "consciousness", neither from a theoretical point of view; on the contrary, for sure there exists an endless bibliography in philosophy of mind… We don't even have a general and unified theory on "feeling", that is only one way of defining "consciousness". The article proposes some of Damasio's researches in neuroscience against the functional issue (grounded on the cognitive paradigm) that person=thought= brain, based on a sort of "mystique" of the brain. In his experiments we can find a difference between "feeling" and "knowing", always considered connected features in conscious experience, conceived as a high level phenomenon only. On the contrary, there is a level of feeling (background feeling) coming from the body experience, before the cortical one: there are different levels of consciousness too, all intimately connected to the body. Even if Damasio has never approached bioethical problems or persistent vegetative state (PVS) definition, his conclusions seem particularly remarkable for this kind of patients. Pvs people, whose cortical functions are (probably) completely destroyed, have still a body. Their brain doesn't work any more; so, they (probably) have no possibility of thinking or having an access to their conscious contents; but do they suffer pain? Are they afraid of anything? Do they have any feeling? In sum, when cortical functions are destroyed, but there is still a body, is it possible feeling anything any more? At the end of the article, the author focuses the reader's attention on a dangerous semantic "slippery slope"; the linguistic habit of speaking about vegetative state in terms of death (though only a cortical one) implies an implicit choice, following from the same words used. Pvs patients should be not considered as still alive, but as already dead, at the end. This arbitrary comparison should legitimate some people's request, for example, to explant Pvs's organs, just like it happens for people already dead.
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