https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2006.365

Fecondazione artificiale e crioconservazione degli embrioni

V. 55 N. 1 (2006)
Pubblicato: febbraio 28, 2006
Fecondazione artificiale, crioconservazione, embrione / Artificial reproduction, cryopreservation, embryo
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Autori

Z. Serebrovska
Dottore in Fisiologia; Dottoranda di Ricerca in Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy.
M.L. Di Pietro
mldipietro@rm.unicatt.it
Professore Associato di Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy.
A. Bompiani
Direttore Istituto Scientifico Internazionale "Paolo VI", Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy.
Nel ricorso alle tecniche di fecondazione artificiale extracorporea, la produzione di un numero elevato di embrioni e la crioconservazione dell'"eccedenza" è divenuta oramai una prassi. A prescindere dalle discutibili soluzioni adottate nei confronti degli embrioni "in eccedenza" per i quali non vi è più un progetto parentale, le stesse procedure di crioconservazione possono ridurre in modo drammatico le possibilità di sopravvivenza degli embrioni e rappresentare, quindi, un rischio per la vita dell'essere umano. Questa rassegna desidera esporre quanto si conosce, allo stato attuale, sul "rischio" per l'embrione crioconservato e documentarne l'entità attraverso le valutazioni statistiche offerte dai singoli autori. A tal fine vengono riportate: le principali metodiche; i limiti delle procedure di crioconservazione; la fase di sviluppo in cui la crioconservazione viene eseguita; i criteri utilizzati per valutare la qualità degli embrioni dopo lo scongelamento; i dati sulla sopravvivenza degli embrioni, sulle gravidanze e sulle nascite in alcuni centri di fecondazione artificiale.
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Production and cryopreservation of spare embryos has already become a routine in the practice of extra-corporal artificial fertilization techniques. Leaving out of considerations ethical problems of the questionable solutions which were taken regarding the "orphan" surplus embryos, who's parents have no any more projects for pregnancy, it is necessary to underline that cryopreservation itself may dramatically decrease survival rate of embryos, which means create vital risk for human being. In the present review we attend to determine the eventual risks for embryo undergone cryopreservation examining the recent statistical data, published by different groups of authors. For this purpose we describe principal methods and critical points of cryopreservation, age of embryos in which cryopreservation occurs, criterions of evaluation of the quality of embryos after thawing, survival rate, pregnancy rate and life birth rate after cryopreservation in different centers in the world.

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Serebrovska, Z., Di Pietro, M., & Bompiani, A. (2006). Fecondazione artificiale e crioconservazione degli embrioni. Medicina E Morale, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2006.365

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