Per una convivenza tra i popoli: pluralismo e tolleranza
Pubblicato: giugno 30, 2006
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Autori
Professore Ordinario di Filosofia del Diritto, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, II Università
"Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.
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The article proposes the ancient theme of the cohabitation between peoples, very actual nowadays, for the fact that we have to face new forms of conflict, not manageable with old conceptual parameters, that impose to reflect on how a multicultural society is possible. The roads for an intercultural and interreligious cohabitation are only three: the way of assimilation, the way of the marginalization and the way of the integration: first two have been abundantly experimented in different political- national contexts and they have shown for time all their limits, the third way is that which, very laboriously, many countries of the world of today are trying to test and it requires a meaningful intellectual engagement and good (politics and moral) will. An essential point that qualifies the model of the integration is the primacy of the person according to two lines: the person's primacy on the State of which it is citizen and the person's supremacy on community of which it is a member. The person is understood in his being subject in relationship, since it manifests the whole own potentialities giving itself to the other and not closing in itself. This is the authentic base of every project of peace, that possesses the character of an authentic anthropological project even before being a political project. Such relational nature, therefore, must be guaranteed. Guarantor of the relational nature is really the law, as form of human experience constitutively relational. The State must operate to guarantee the multiethnic relational nature, through the assumption of an attitude of impartiality, distinguishing the values elaborated from cultures and the social practices corresponding to them, in at least three categories: that of the values that appear simply tolerable, that of the values which deserves to be thought respectable and, finally, that of the values which must be qualified as shareable for their intrinsic strength. The most arduous aspect pertains to the integration, its limits and therefore tolerance toward cultures. Needs, in fact, fixing the confinements of tolerance that must be always conditioned, deduced, dynamics, believable and, finally, it must possess a dialogical character.
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