Prenatal non invasive genetic diagnosis: clinical and ethical aspects
Pubblicato: dicembre 30, 2006
Abstract Views: 461
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Autori
Professore Associato di Bioetica, Italy.
Dottore in fisiologia, Dottoranda di Ricerca in
Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Roma, Italy.
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Prenatal diagnosis (PD) is considered as almost central event of pregnancy. Besides medical aspects, like the availability of diagnostic techniques of the knowledge of correlation between genetic defects and morphofunctional disorders, there are important cultural reasons for so intensive request of PD. The risk linked to invasive procedures of PD is one of the ethical problems concerning PD. For this reason, a possibility has been recently available to obtain the same foetal information and, consequently, to diagnose some diseases without any direct contact with foetus using only a sample of maternal blood, that is non invasive PD. On the contrary, a relevant probability to loose a chid is a considerable side effect of invasive procedure, as chorionic villous sampling or amniocentesis procedures, with different levels of risk. About this issue, the Authors present a short medical and ethical analysis of non invasive PD, arguing about the possibility to avoid the transformation of these diagnostic technologies into ulterior instruments of eugenics, through the following considerations: 1. non invasive PD should be possible only under medical indications; 2. the less dangerous invasive technologies should be apply when there is a doubt about false positive or negative results; 3. the information on the results of PD should be complete and precise, and the couple should be accompanied during post-diagnostic time, while the medical doctor should work with woman or couple trying to explain that clinical condition of the foetus would never overcome the value of his/her life; 4. finally, woman or couple should be ensured in a short time of different kinds of available care and support for child.
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