https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2007.312

La diagnosi pre-impiantatoria Lo stato dell'arte scientifico e gli interrogativi etici - Parte II

V. 56 N. 4 (2007)
Pubblicato: agosto 30, 2007
Diagnosi genetica pre-impiantatoria, malattie genetiche, embrione, etica / Preimplantation genetic diagnosi, genetic diseases, embryo, diagnosi genetica pre-impiantatoria, etica
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Autori

Jacques Suaudeau
jsuadeau@acdlife.va
MD, Lic. Theol., Officiale della Pontifica Accademia per la vita, Italy.
La diagnosi genetica pre-impiantatoria (Preimplantation genetic diagnosis o PGD) è una tecnica nella quale gli embrioni umani prodotti in vitro per realizzare le tecniche di fecondazione artificiale, vengono selezionati, dal punto di vista genetico, tramite lo studio di uno o di due blastomeri prelevati con una biopsia. Dai reports relativi all'uso della PGD emergono tre punti critici: il primo riguarda le conseguenze della biopsia sullo sviluppo dell'embrione; il secondo la notevole perdita di embrioni nel processo; il terzo l'esattezza diagnostica, con la presenza di falsi positivi e falsi negativi. Oltre al fatto che la PGD è legata alle tecniche di fecondazione artificiale, e, in particolare, alla ICSI, da un punto di vista etico l'obiezione di fondo è che tale pratica si basa su una scarsa considerazione del valore dell'embrione umano. L'aumento della pratica della PGD e l'estensione delle sue indicazioni a casi sempre meno gravi e meno giustificabili dal punto di vista medico è preoccupante.
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique in which early human embryos, obtained in vitro to realize artificial fertilization techniques, are genetically screened for selection, through the study of one or two blastomeres taken by biopsy. Reports on the use of PGD in the world make clear that there are three critical points in it: first regards with consequences of biopsy on developing embryo; second in consideration of the important loss of human embryos in the screening process; third related to inaccuracy of diagnosis, with the presence of false positives and false negatives. Besides the fact that PGD is relate to artificial reproductive techniques, generally to ICSI, the basic ethical objection is based on an undervaluation of the value of human embryos. From a medical point of view the increasing use of PGD and the extension of its indications to cases always more futile and less justified is preoccupying.

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Suaudeau, J. (2007). La diagnosi pre-impiantatoria Lo stato dell’arte scientifico e gli interrogativi etici - Parte II. Medicina E Morale, 56(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2007.312

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