Eutanasia: una questione di relazione
Pubblicato: dicembre 30, 2007
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Autori
Facoltà di
Lettere e Filosofia, Università degli Studi di Messina; componente Comitato Nazionale per
la Bioetica, Italy.
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Classical approach to the problem of the euthanasia, through the paradigm of the principles conducts to solve the matter with a yes, if the principle of autonomy is privileged, or with a no if the primacy is given to the principle of the unavailability of the life. This paper moves from the proposal that another approach is possible, based on the interaction, suggested as methodic line by Warren T. Reich, of the paradigm of the principles with the other paradigms of the bioethics: the experience, the care, the virtue. The first moment is to consider the euthanasia as the object of a question that comes from the suffering and that, as such, it must be welcomed and interpreted in a context of relationship. Unlike the suicide there is not here a killing oneself, but an asking other for death. The ethical attention must be moved from the exclusive center of autonomy to the relationship, particularly on the complexity and the contradictions that mark the physician-patient relationship between today. Even if it asks a limit "care", paradoxical that cannot be given, or the aims of the medicine itself would be contradicted and overturned, the question of euthanasia cannot stay outstanding, but must be welcomed, opened again with the attention that the paradigm of care imposes, with the humanitas that the paradigm of virtue delivers us. The ethical attention to the experience of whom asks the death it becomes the first moment to find a conciliation among apparently antithetical moments, as the sacredness and the quality of the life, to gather the complementarity among apparently antithetical rights as the right to be left alone and the right not to be left alone, to sustain together the liberation from the physical pain and the liberation from the pain of the soul. Moving the point of view from freedom to relationship the paper wants to point out the ethical impossibility to say yes to the euthanasia just on the side of the relationship, at the same time setting the accent not only on the responsibility that saying yes means, but also on the other responsibilities of which the question of euthanasia ask us: the responsibilities derived by the situation and the others concerning what to answer to the help request and care that the question subtends. In the way proper of the ethics of the care, the paper proposes not to solve the dilemma of the euthanasia abdicating to the life or to the liberty, but trying to redefine the context from which the dilemma has origin, in such way that it is possible to hold together life and liberty.
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