https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2008.261

La legge 180: il volto umano della psichiatria italiana

V. 57 N. 6 (2008)
Pubblicato: dicembre 30, 2008
Psichiatria, ospedale psichiatrico, malato mentale / Psychiatry, mental hospital, mental patient
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Autori

Filippo Maria Ferro
ferro@unich.it
Professore Ordinario di Psichiatria, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Neuroscienze, Istituto di Psichiatria, Università "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
Il contributo esamina il lungo e tormentato iter culturale che ha condotto alla promulgazione della legge 180/1978: dalla cesura in psichiatria tra il pensiero degli accademici e le azioni degli ospedalieri tra fine '700 e primo '800, passando attraverso il riferimento agli "alienisti" (così preferivano chiamarsi gli psichiatri in epoca positivista) romantici e spiritualisti sostenitori prima del "morotrofio", luogo di cura e recupero attraverso trattamenti "morali" poi del "manicomio", centro di esclusione e di mera custodia, sino alla rivoluzione operata da F. Basaglia, che si ispirava alla psichiatria inglese, sebbene gli intellettuali parigini e l'esistenzialismo di Jean Paul Sartre abbiamo rappresentato un riferimento essenziale. Il lavoro prosegue con una disamina critica della riforma realizzata rispondendo alle principali accuse che le sono state rivolte e termina con uno sguardo al panorama futuro della gestione della sofferenza psichica.
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The contribution examines the long and restless cultural iter that has led to the promulgation of the law 180/1978: from the caesura in psychiatry between the academicians' thought and the hospital workers' actions in the late 70's early 80's, going through the reference to the romantic and spiritualists "alienists" (psychiatrists preferred to be called in this way during the positivist age) supporting first places of care and rehabilitation by "moral" treatments and then the "mental hospital", centre of exclusion and mere custody, to the revolution made by F. Basaglia, that was inspired by the English psychiatry, although the Parisian intellectuals and the Jean Paul Sartre's existentialism have represented an essential reference. The works proceeds with a critical examination of the reform realized answering to the principal accusations that have been brought and it ends with a look at the future panorama of the psychic suffering management.

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Ferro, F. M. (2008). La legge 180: il volto umano della psichiatria italiana. Medicina E Morale, 57(6). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2008.261

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