https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.233

La clonazione umana nella legislazione della Corea del Sud

V. 58 N. 5 (2009)
Pubblicato: ottobre 30, 2009
Clonazione, embrione umano, cellule staminali, trasferimento del nucleo di una cellula somatica / Cloning, human embryo, stem cells, somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Autori

Jaewoo Jung
woo.jungjae@rm.unicatt.it
Dottorando di ricerca, .
Maria Luisa Di Pietro
Professore associato, Istituto di Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
All'indomani della pubblicazione su Nature della nascita della pecora Dolly, ottenuta mediante trasferimento del nucleo di una cellula somatica (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, SCNT), si è sviluppato nella Corea del Sud un ampio dibattito sulla clonazione e sulla possibilità di utilizzare tale procedura per la produzione di embrioni umani e di cellule staminali (human Embryo Stem Cells, hESCs). I numerosi esperimenti già in corso preoccupavano molto la società coreana, combattuta tra le possibilità offerte dalle nuove tecnologie ad un Paese povero di risorse naturali e la necessità di stabilire un limite non superabile. Negli anni 2004 e 2005 viene pubblicata su Science la notizia della produzione di hESC con la clonazione di embrioni umani da parte di Hwang; nel 2006 scoppia uno scandalo internazionale a seguito della scoperta di frode scientifica da parte dello stesso ricercatore, che sconvolge la società coreana al punto da sollecitarla a legiferare in materia. Nonostante il divieto della clonazione umana a scopi riproduttivi, vengono però consentite sia la tecnica SCNT sia la produzione di hESC, nonchè la possibilità di donazione delle cellule uovo a fini sperimentali. E' evidente che il problema di fondo è, innanzitutto, etico e riguarda il rispetto della vita dell'embrione umano e della dignità della donna utilizzati come uno strumento per raggiungere fini ad essi estranei.
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The day after the publication on Nature of the birth of Dolly the sheep, realized by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a large debate around cloning and the possibility to use such procedure for the production of human embryos and human embryo stem cells (hESCs) has been developed. The large number of present experiments greatly worried the Korean society, divided among the possibilities offered by the new technologies to a Country without natural resources and the necessity to establish a limit that can not be overcome. In 2004 and 2005 the news of the production of hESC by cloning human embryos from Hwang is published on Science; in 2006 an international scandal following the discovery of scientific fraud from the same researcher arouse, that shocks the Korean society to the point that it has been urged to legislate. Despite the human cloning for reproductive purposes prohibition, both SCTN and the production of hESC, as well as the possibility of oocytes donation for experimental purposes is allowed. It is evident that the basic problem is, first of all, ethical and it deals with the respect of life of human embryo and women's dignity used as a tool to get purposes that are unconnected with them.

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Jung, J., & Di Pietro, M. L. (2009). La clonazione umana nella legislazione della Corea del Sud. Medicina E Morale, 58(5). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.233

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