Designer babies. A question of ethics
Pubblicato: dicembre 30, 2009
Abstract Views: 8103
PDF: 4
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Autori
Medical Doctor, PhD, Institute of Life's Science of the Catholic University of Valencia, Spain.
----------
The term "designer babies" may be used to refer to a range of reproductive techniques including the use of sex selection techniques to prevent the birth of children with X-linked diseases, preimplantation genetic diagnosis to select for embryos free from genetic disorders, selection techniques for eggs, sperm or embryo donors with particular characteristics, and the enhancement of features such as intelligence, sporting ability or attractiveness. The production of designer babies entails specific medical and ethical problems. In this article, we will essentially address the latter. In our opinion, the most important aspects to consider in an ethical reflection on the production of designer babies are: 1. the instrumentalisation of the child produced in such a way that these children would be treated as commodities; 2. the secondary consequences that could result from the legal authorisation of this technique could open the door to other ethically unsuitable techniques, especially sex selection, 3. the benefit that the parents may obtain; 4. the impossibility of obtaining the consent of the child him/herself; 5. the medical problems that the use of the preimplantational genetic diagnosis technique may cause in the embryo generated; 6. as well as those inherent in the in-vitro fertilisation technique; 7. the negative ethical burden involved in the high number of embryos lost with this practice, i.e. the high number of human lives destroyed; 8. and finally, whether or not a medical alternative to the production of designer babies exists, since if so, their generation would be doubly unjustified. We think that one of the most important ethical problems is the high number of embryos lost in the production of designer babies. Thus, it can be verified that in the case of the first designer baby, Adam Nash, 33 embryos were used to obtain a useful child, so the efficiency was approximately 3%. In a study which collected the joint data from some of the leading reproductive medicine clinics in the world in which designer babies are produced, is showed that from 1130 embryos, only 35 designer babies were obtained, which indicates that the efficiency of production of these children was 1.15%.
Come citare
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
An Open Access Publication is one that meets the following two conditions:
- the author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
- a complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.