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Estado vegetativo (post coma unresponsiveness): una condición poco comprendida
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The vegetative state is a condition that we talk much about but is little understood, because is surrounded by ambiguity, confusion and imprecision; which make the treatment and understanding of the patient difficult. In this article, opposite points of view are showed. The term that may be able to go beyond this confusion is "post coma unresponsiveness" because it is not derogative and it goes further between the imprecision of persistent and permanent which influence negatively in the patient by denying any possibility of rehabilitation or care. As well as a definition of post coma unresponsiveness is proposed, because it underlines that the absence of cognitive interaction as a clinical evidence is only apparent and is only a manifestation of a continuous spectrum of an altered responsiveness to the environment that include different entities, all of them difficult to diagnose. Different factors which make the assessment of prevalence and incidence not clear are mentioned, and nevertheless that there are very well known specific clinical criteria, misdiagnosis are made and are also documented. Furthermore, we insist there is a need not only of a well trained staff but there is a need of a repetitive and continuous observations of the patient from the staff and the patient's family. There is a warning about the neurophysiological studies that are used to make the diagnosis, because they have methodological difficulties and may give contradictory and insufficient results and that is why they cannot substitute the clinical assessment. Reference is made about the new perspective of PET and fRM in differentiating patients with Vegetative state and EMC, as well as to make evidence of a "covert cognitive process", and the existence of functional disconnections in a wide frontoparietal network encompassing the associative cortices known as "functional disconnection syndrome". Conclusion: On one side there are new perspectives that may help to understand this condition, but in this moment there is a debate between two issues not demonstrated a. the consciousness of one self, the environment and b. the capacity of pain perception or suffering. On the other side, the challenge is to predict the consciousness and communication recovery and also to identify the conditions and mechanisms by which some patients may be able to recover, in order to provide them every kind of treatment, meanwhile some others that have very little possibilities to recover, in the best interest of the patient, he should be provided with the best standard cares as any patient with neurological severe damage.
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