https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2010.219

La regulación jurídica de la investigación sobre cèlulas troncales

V. 59 N. 2 (2010)
Pubblicato: aprile 30, 2010
Cellule staminali adulte, cellule staminali embrionali, aspetti etici / Adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, legal aspects
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Autori

Jorge Nicolás Lafferriere
nicolas_lafferriere@uca.edu.ar
Profesor de Derecho Civil de la Pontificia Universidad Catòlica Argentina y de la Universidad de Buenos Aires., Argentina.
Questo articolo esamina le implicazioni giuridiche della ricerca sulle cellule staminali. Dopo un approccio sintetico alla nozione di cellule staminali e delle loro tipologie, vengono presentati i principi giuridici coinvolti in questa materia. Vengono analizzate Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research approvate dal National Institutes of Health (NIH), pubblicate nel luglio 2009. Queste Linee-guida si applicano solo a quei progetti che hanno i finanziamenti del NIH e che si occupano di embrioni donati o al di fuori degli Stati Uniti. In un approccio critico, è possibile concludere che queste Linee-guida consentiranno il finanziamento di progetti che comportano la distruzione deliberata di embrioni umani, calpestando il diritto umano alla vita. Le Lineeguida includono alcuni divieti riguardanti la creazione di ibridi, la clonazione e la partenogenesi. Il consenso informato è stabilito nelle Linee-guida, ma questo requisito non legittima la ricerca che calpesta il diritto alla vita. Benchè le Linee-guida conservano l'Emendamento Dickey che vieta il finanziamento federale per la distruzione degli embrioni, esse permetteranno il finanziamento federale per progetti che si occupano di cellule staminali embrionali che sono stati ottenuti attraverso la distruzione di embrioni umani con finanziamenti privati o provenienti dall'estero. Sebbene sarebbe possibile creare cellule staminali embrionali senza distruzione di embrioni, ci sarebbero obiezioni etiche e giuridiche concernenti l'impiego di tecnologie di riproduzione assistita. Al fine di fornire una regolamentazione giuridica completa della ricerca sulle cellule staminali è possibile: emanare norme penali che vietano la distruzione degli embrioni; vietare tecnologie di riproduzione assistita, specialmente quelle extracorporee; vietare tutti i processi di derivazione delle cellule staminali embrionali umane; proibire la donazione di embrioni umani; emanare una regolamentazione giuridica per le cellule staminali adulte.
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This paper considers the legal implications of stem cells research. After a synthetic approach to the notion of stem cells and their types, we present the juridical principles involved in this matter. We analize the Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research approved by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) published on July 2009. This Guidelines apply only to those projects that have NIH funding and that deal with embryos donated in or outside the United States. In a critical approach, we conclude that these Guidelines will allow the funding of projects that will involve the deliberate destruction of human embryos, affecting his human right to life. The Guidelines include some prohibitions concerning the creation of hybrids, cloning and parthenogenesis. Informed consent is established in the Guidelines, but this requirement does not legitimize research that affects the right to life. Although the Guidelines maintain the Dickey Amendment which forbids federal funding for embryo destruction, it will allow federal funding for projects that deal with embryonic stem cells that were derived through the destruction of human embryos with private funding or overseas. Even if it would have been possible to create embryonic stem cells without embryo destruction, there would be ethical and juridical objections concerning the use of assisted reproduction technologies. In order to provide a complete legal regulation of stem cells research we propose: enact criminal laws forbidding embryo destruction; ban assisted reproduction technologies, especially extracorporeal ones; ban all process of derivation of embryonic human stem cells; forbid the donation of human embryos; enact a legal regulation for adult stem cells.

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Lafferriere, J. N. (2010). La regulación jurídica de la investigación sobre cèlulas troncales. Medicina E Morale, 59(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2010.219

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