https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2022.1197
Aspetti bioetici per il processo decisionale in situazioni di scarsità di risorse durante la pandemia di COVID-19
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Autori
La mancanza di risorse disponibili nelle unità di terapia intensiva (ICU) durante la pandemia di COVID-19 richiede una guida bioetica per rispondere ai dilemmi posti ai team sanitari. Un'analisi etica centrata sulla persona (PCEA) per i clinici della terapia intensiva, diventa la migliore alternativa per giustificare moralmente un processo decisionale estremo, nella situazione di scarsità di risorse disponibili. L'obiettivo è fare una selezione basata su criteri bioetici e clinici, considerando una visione olistica della persona, e non solo un criterio utilitaristico o del first come first served, come quello esposto dai colleghi dell'Università di Oxford, noto come Algoritmo etico RAPR (Resource Adjusted Probability Ratio), per il razionamento del trattamento di sostegno vitale durante la pandemia di COVID-19. Per questo motivo vengono illustrati alcuni principi bioetici fondamentali che enfatizzano la proporzionalità terapeutica e come formulare un giudizio morale appropriato che si rifaccia a un processo decisionale eticamente fondato, considerando un diagramma di flusso proposto dai colleghi della Pontificia Università Cattolica del Cile. In questo documento proponiamo l'algoritmo PCEA per assistere i team di terapia intensiva nel processo decisionale in merito all'equa allocazione delle risorse e alla offerta di cure durante uno scenario pandemico incotrollabile.
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