https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.1992.1106
Il progetto genoma e le conoscenze sui geni normali e patologici dell'uomo
Problemi etici e deontologici
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Lo sviluppo delle conoscenze sui geni normali e patologici dell'uomo ha avuto un fondamentale impulso dal coordinamento degli sforzi dei ricercatori di molti paesi nel Genome Project, promosso dalla Human Genome Organization (HUGO). Molti e ancora più radicali progressi si attendono nel prossimo futuro. Questo straordinario ampliamento di orizzonti suscita dibattiti etici e deontologici di diversa natura. Vengono accennati alcuni profili etici relativi alla brevettabilità di sequenze umane, la liceità del segreto e dello sfruttamento commerciale di studi tesi allo sviluppo e al progresso di conoscenze cruciali per la salute dell'uomo. Vengono trattati altri più tradizionali problemi etici inerenti la diagnosi e la prognosi di malattie genetiche; la archiviabilità e l'uso promiscuo di dati sui polimorfismi genetici derivanti da individui sani e malati; la conoscenza di predisposizioni a malattie causate da lavorazioni o di incompatibilità nei confronti di determinate occupazioni.
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