L'estensione del quinto comandamento nel pensiero morale di Giovanni Paolo II
Published: October 30, 2007
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Authors
Vescovo di Groningen-Leeuwarden (Olanda) e referente della Conferenza Episcopale
Olandese cattolica per le questioni etico-mediche, Netherlands.
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John Paul II spends much attention in his allocutions and writings to the extension of the commandment "you shall non kill", because it arranges the respect for life, a fundamental good, and has been violated in a terrible way during the last century. The extension of the fifth commandment is put under pressure by various diverse factors: historical-critical exegesis, the social and political consequences of the dominant ideals of democracy, preferring the respect for individual freedom to that for life and some actual currents in ethics and moral theology. The pope, referring to Holy Scripture, Tradition of the Church and magisterial teaching, emphasizes that human life is a fundamental or intrinsic good, and indicates in which way one should take care of life and respect and promote it under concrete circumstances, explaining the extension of the commandment "you shall not kill". John Paul II enumerates under the negative part of the contents of the fifth commandment, based on the fact that the absolute lordship of human life belongs to God: the prohibitions of the direct killing of an innocent human being, direct procured abortion and euthanasia, either in the form of assisted suicide or that of homicide. He considers these prohibitions as absolute or universal norms. Moreover, he spends attention to some cases in which the abbreviation of life is an indirect or collateral effect, falling under a general prohibition which admits of exceptions. The fifth commandment, though negatively formulated, also has a positive contents with which we are much more frequently confronted in every day's life than with the negative one. The positive contents of the fifth commandment, which finds its base in the fact that man has a ministerial lordship with regard to life, concerns the following duties: taking care of life by applying proportionate means, defending life by means of legitimate (self) defense (in which context the question of capital punishment also has a place), the legal protection of life and announcing the Gospel of Life.
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