Bios e potere
Published: April 30, 2009
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Facoltà di Scienze della
Formazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Milano, Italy.
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This paper analyses the relation between life and power, inquiring into some of the most important theories in history of philosophy, and in particular some works by Kelsen and Schmitt. Our purpose is to cast light on how the power of life and the power on life need to be encompassed and integrated in a more comprehensive conceptual and theoretical framework, in order to avoid paradoxes and unilateral positions. In fact, a simply vitalist position risks falling into a internal contradiction, denying itself. Vitalism requires rules deriving from a constitutive order that cannot be the exclusive result of will; on the contrary, it must be characterized by intrinsic intelligibility. On this perspective, natural and personal dimensions can be related to each other, and life can rise to self-consciousness and responsible freedom. The notion of ethos could reconcile the different levels of life, power on life, and the norms aimed at regulating it into a complex perspective, in which the subjective and objective dimensions depend on each other. This account can thereby avoid the risk of embracing extreme positions, characterized by external forms of imposition, perceived as heteronomous, or by the absolute exaltation of will, considered as the only rule. The last conceptual step leads to extend this viewpoint from the human sphere to the whole reality. On this view, nature and person can be related to each other on the grounds of Logos, or Intelligence, conceived as their ultimate foundation and regarded as the principle that creates and ordinates reality, showing its underlying truth at a primarily ontological level. The purpose of this conceptual system is to trace a theoretical process grounded on reality, in which the technological possibilities of intervening on life and human life are not left to arbitrary choices or promethean decisions. On the contrary, such possibilities should be considered within a broader ontological perspective defined by an intrinsic intelligibility and goal. This perspective can join together at a higher and deeper level nature and culture, objective order and personal aims, freedom and responsibility.
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