https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.248

Biopolitica: significato filosofico del termine

Vol. 58 No. 2 (2009)
Published: April 30, 2009
Biodiritto, valore della vita, natura umana, politica / Biolaw, value of life, human nature, politics, power
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Authors

Laura Palazzani
palazzani@lumsa.it
Professore Ordinario di Filosofia del diritto, Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA), Roma, Italy.
L'articolo precisa i significati filosofici di biopolitica, distinguendo la biopolitica come "potere arbitrario sulla vita biologica" (o politica sulla vita) e la biopolitica come "buon governo al servizio della persona umana" (o politica per la vita). Il primo significato si inserisce in una teoria etica non cognitivista e soggettivista, che ritiene il diritto e il potere quali prodotto della volontà autoreferenziale; il secondo significato rimanda ad una teoria che riconosce valori oggettivi nella natura umana quale fonte del diritto e della politica. La politica come potere arbitrario ritiene la vita un mero oggetto biologico, disponibile e manipolabile, senza limiti etici fondabili a priori: è la teoria che separa l'essere umano dalla persona, attribuendo solo alle persone in grado di autodeterminarsi i diritti. La politica come buon governo prende in considerazione la vita umana come espressione della vita personale (dall'inizio alla fine), riconoscendone il valore quale orizzonte di senso: è la teoria che identifica essere umano e persona, ritenendo che ogni essere umano e tutti gli esseri umani abbiano diritti.
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The article specifies philosophical significance of biopolitics, making a difference between biopolitics as "arbitrary power on biological life" (or politics on life) and biopolitics as "good government in the service of human person" (or politics for life). The first significance refers to the ethical theory of non-cognitivism and subjectivism, that considers law and power as a product of will which refers to itself; the second significance sends back to a theory which recognises the objective values of human nature, as the origin of law and politics. The politics as arbitrary power considers life as a biological object, available and at disposal, without any a priori justification of ethical limits: it is the theory which separates human beings and persons, attributing rights only to persons capable of auto-determination. The politics as good government considers human life as an expression of personal life (form the beginning till the end), recognising its value as an horizon of sense: it is the theory that identifies human being and person, considering each human being and all human beings as subjects of rights.

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How to Cite

Palazzani, L. (2009). Biopolitica: significato filosofico del termine. Medicina E Morale, 58(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.248

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