https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.234

Analisi comparativa delle legislazioni nazionali, comunitarie ed internazionali in materia di utilizzo di cellule staminali

Vol. 58 No. 5 (2009)
Published: October 30, 2009
Biodiritto, embrione umano, cellule staminali, clonazione / Biolaw, human embryo, stem cells, cloning
Abstract Views: 550
PDF (Italiano): 4
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Authors

Marina Casini
marina.casini@rm.unicatt.it
Ricercatrice, Italy.
Emma Traisci
Dottoranda di ricerca, Italy.
Fabio Persano
Dottorando di ricerca, Istituto di Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
Da quando ne è stato reso possibile l'isolamento, le cellule staminali umane costituiscono un argomento fortemente dibattuto in bioetica: sullo sfondo delle possibili applicazioni di queste cellule nella medicina rigenerativa, si pone il problema della liceità o meno della produzione e distruzione di embrioni umani per il prelievo delle cellule staminali. Sul punto, il Comitato Nazionale per la Bioetica (CNB) italiano ha emesso numerosi pareri, sia precedenti che successivi alla promulgazione della legge italiana 40/2004, che regola la fecondazione assistita. Molto varie sono state le scelte legislative dei vari Paesi, ed anche l'Unione Europea e gli altri organismi internazionali si sono espressi sull'argomento. L'articolo ripercorre i dati più significativi delle decisioni del CNB ed analizza con un taglio comparativo i documenti giuridici nazionali, comunitari ed internazionali in materia di utilizzo di cellule staminali secondo uno schema che considera le diverse sorgenti di prelievo: embrioni prodotti con tecniche di fecondazione artificiale extracorporea, embrioni prodotti mediante clonazione, tessuti embrionali (post-impianto) o fetali, tessuti adulti e cordone ombelicale. La valutazione positiva della ricerca sulle cellule staminali, in quanto finalizzata ad uno scopo terapeutico, trova un limite nella considerazione del mezzo utilizzato: l'embrione umano va trattato come persona, pertanto non potranno essere ritenute lecite le metodiche che ne comportano la distruzione, mentre non solleva obiezioni, fatto salvo il rispetto dell'integrità del soggetto in causa e la rilevazione del consenso informato, il prelievo di cellule staminali da soggetto adulto e da cordone ombelicale.
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Since their isolation, human stem cells represent a bioethical subject strongly debated: in the background of the possible applications of these cells within regenerative medicine, the problem of the legality or illegality of production and suppression of human embryos for collecting stem cells is argued. On this matter, the Italian National Committee for Bioethics (CNB) has delivered several judgments, before and after the Law 40/2004 enactment, that regulates the assisted fertilization. The legislative choices of the different Countries have been several, and the European Union and the other international organizations have debated too. The article deals with the most meaningful data of the CNB's decisions and analyzes in a comparative way, community and international juridical documents on use of stem cells according to a scheme that considers the different sources of collecting: embryos produced by extracorporeal fertilization techniques, embryonic (post-implantation) or fetal tissues, adult tissues and umbilical cord. The positive evaluation of the research on stem cells, as it is for a therapeutic purpose, is limited by the consideration of the mean used: human embryo has to be treated as person, therefore methods that involves his suppression is forbidden, while collecting stem cells from an adult subject or umbilical cord does not raise objections.

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How to Cite

Casini, M., Traisci, E., & Persano, F. (2009). Analisi comparativa delle legislazioni nazionali, comunitarie ed internazionali in materia di utilizzo di cellule staminali. Medicina E Morale, 58(5). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2009.234

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