Could iPS cells be clinically useful?
Published: April 30, 2010
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Medical Doctor, PhD, Institute of Life's Science of the Catholic University of Valencia, Spain.
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In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka demonstrated, for the first time, that mouse fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into an embryonic stem cell-like state by introducing combinations of four transcription factors. These cells were termed "induced pluripotent stem cells" or "iPS cells". Unlike embryonic stem cells, the use of iPS cells has no ethical difficulty. In this article, we are going to refer specifically to: 1. preclinical experiments conducted to date using iPS cells; 2. the creation of cell lines from iPS cells obtained from the adult cells of patients with different diseases; and 3. the obtaining of cloned animals from iPS cells. Preclinical experiments have been conducted with sickle cell anaemia and haemophilic mice models. In January 2009, Nelson et al. expanded the therapeutic indications of human iPS cells by providing the first evidence for repair of heart disorders. Different disease cell lines obtained from human iPS cells. Up until now it has been obtained cell lines in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, adenosine deaminase deficiency-related severe combined immunodeficiency, Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome, Gaucher disease type III, Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, juvenile onset, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) and the carrier state of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, spinal muscular atrophy, Fanconi anaemia, myeloproliferative disorders, type 1 diabetes. Obtaining live animals from iPS cells. To our knowledge, Kang et al. were the first to demonstrate that iPS cells can autonomously generate fullterm mice via tetraploid blastocyst complementation. After Kang's experiments also Boland et al. produced 31 live mice from 37 iPS cell lines generated from skin fibroblasts. The use of iPS cells to prevent the use of embryonic stem cells cannot have anything other than a positive ethical evaluation. However, using them to produce cloned human beings, if this becomes technically feasible, would not be ethically admissible.
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