https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2010.217

L'indisponibilità della vita umana nella prospettiva del Biodiritto

Vol. 59 No. 2 (2010)
Published: April 30, 2010
Biodiritto, indisponibilità della vita umana, pena di morte, eutanasia, rifiuto delle cure / Biolaw, inpossibility to dispose of human life, death penalty, euthanasia, treatment refusal
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Authors

Marina Casini
marina.casini@rm.unicatt.it
Ricercatore, Istituto di Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
Il presente contributo si muove nell'ambito della riflessione giuridica e si chiede se risponde a giustizia la "libertà" di scegliere la morte quale diritto umano essenziale. Il principio "non uccidere", ovvero "non cagionare la morte", posto alla base di tutti gli ordinamenti giuridici moderni e democratici, viene esaminato sia con riferimento alla vita altrui sia quando il soggetto non si esprime o addirittura non vuole la morte; sia quando il soggetto esprime la volontà di porre fine alla propria vita e chiede che altri adempiano tale volontà. L'Autrice osserva che nel secondo caso, si chiede che il "terzo" (medico) assecondi l'autoderminazione di chi vuole disporre della propria vita solo quando la vita versa in condizioni di malattia inguaribile e devastante disabilità. E' evidente, allora, che la vita umana propria diventa disponibile quando prevale la sofferenza e il criterio decisivo non è l'autodeterminazione individuale, ma la valutazione sociale del valore della vita. In questa prospettiva viene toccato anche il tema del "rifiuto delle cure" e posta la distinzione tra "autodeterminazione sui trattamenti" e "autodeterminazione sulla vita". Nel delicato e complesso ambito del "fine vita", se la morte è il limite inesorabile dell'esistenza che occorre saper accettare, occorre anche saper armonizzare il principio di autonomia e il principio del "non cagionare la morte", fondato sul riconoscimento dell'uguale dignità del vivere.
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This contribution deals with the legal reflection and wonders whether "freedom" to choose death as an essential human right is fair. The "no kill" principle, at the base of all modern legal and democratic systems, is examined with reference to both someone else's life and the situation in which a person is unable to express himeself or he does not want death; or when a person wants death and asks other people to fulfil this wish. The author notes that in the latter case, one asks the "third" (physician) fulfil the self-determination of persons who want to dispose of their own life when life is compromised. Therefore, human life is disposable when pain prevails. Finally, treatment refusal is dealt.

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How to Cite

Casini, M. (2010). L’indisponibilità della vita umana nella prospettiva del Biodiritto. Medicina E Morale, 59(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2010.217

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