Evoluzione della giurisprudenza costituzionale statunitense in materia d'aborto (I)
Published: August 30, 2011
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Dottorando di Ricerca in Bioetica, Istituto di Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia
"A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy.
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Abortion debate is always a hot subject in the United States. This essay, divided into two parts (the second part is going to be published on the next issue of this review) tries to go along the development of U.S. constitutional case-law about abortion, pointing out the change that each judgement caused to the previous law picture. In this first part, the functioning of U.S. constitutional judicial system and the role of U.S. Supreme Court in its judiciary are primarily explained. Then, some space is given to the premonitory signs of Roe v. Wade (that is the first important judgement about abortion), and to the judgement in particular that delivered the right to contraception: Griswold v. Connecticut and Eisenstadt v. Baird. Also United States v. Vuitch in 1971 is important: this judgement is already about abortion and interprets the Constitution in the trend of permission. However, the most important judgement is Roe v. Wade (1973): a wide treatment is dedicated to it, particularly to the passages about the Supreme Court reasoning that affirmed abortion right in the trimestral sharing, imitated by the italian legislator too. In this essay there are hard blames to Roe v. Wade: moreover, a few Supreme Court judges agree with blames and extracts of dissenting opinion are reported. Next to Roe v. Wade, also the less-known judgement Doe v. Bolton is very important: it is contemporary to Roe and it stated precisely what was "woman health": this element was considered decisive by Roe in order to recognize the abortion right. In Doe v. Bolton woman health was enlarged and took in almost everything. This first part ends up with the analysis of a few following Roe and Doe judgements; in particular Webster v. Reproductive Health Services is a partial coming back as to Roe. In the next issue we will see the further subsequent changes in U.S. constitutional case-law about abortion.
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