Malattia, desiderio di morte e depressione: la necessità di valutazione clinica e di riflessione etica sul confine tra diritto di scelta e diritto alla cura
Published: December 30, 2011
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Professore Aggregato in Psichiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-
Chirurgiche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy.
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The work takes its cue from the reflection on the comments that have accompanied in the media about one year ago the suicide of a famous Italian director, a very old man, hospitalized for a malignant disease. A common attitude, here judged conformist and superficial, has proposed a highly positive evaluation of the gesture, presented essentially as an act of courage resulting in a lucid and coherent reflection on his own existential condition. But in reality a very simple view, the hypothesis that the basis of the decision of suicide could be a real and clinically significant depressive condition, has not been evaluated in all its potential weight. There is thus a need for some brief reflections on the relationship between physical illness and depression, which take account of how the general experience of the disease, the physical suffering, the experience of pain and disability, the difficulty or loss of future prospects may play the role of factors that with a high frequency can trigger in patients a "physiological depression disease", however, still compatible with a clear vision of their own condition and with a preserved capacity for evaluation and decision. But the same factors, also possibly in combination with other preexisting or concurrent, may lead to the development of real and severe depressive episodes, although not clinically distinguishable from those that characterize primary depressive illness, i.e. not resulting from physical disease. From the "idea of death" in the first case pending and also lived at least in part in liberating sense, but not desired and sought after, you go to the "death wish", potential serious symptom of depression, in turn, directly linked with the risk of suicidal behavior. The boundary between the two conditions is obviously uncertain and vague, even justified by the subtle and gradual way in which the true condition of depression establishes, making often unexpected the eventual suicide. With proper care not to judge as "psychiatric" conduct or situations not necessarily pathological in itself, the ethical as well as deontological impact of this dichotomy is directed. The somatic patient's right to choose, to be considered within the context of the general ethical and legal regulations, must be placed after the right to the care deserved by an ill person, whose mental suffering can limit or exclude the same capacity of conscious evaluation and decision. The recognition of any real-depressive condition and its treatment, in the broadest sense of the word, from the pharmacological therapy to the psychological and psychosocial support, constitute the ethical requirements which reduce the risk of making an already suffering person devoid of the possibility of a decisive help in dealing with or even go through moments in which the physical and existential suffering overlap conditions of real mental disease, such to potentially compromise the ability of free and informed choice, whose recovery must be the primary objective of any therapeutic intervention.
How to Cite
Bersani, G. (2011). Malattia, desiderio di morte e depressione: la necessità di valutazione clinica e di riflessione etica sul confine tra diritto di scelta e diritto alla cura. Medicina E Morale, 60(6). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2011.151
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