Dall'homo patiens all'homo rebellis: analisi della nuova percezione di salute e malattia in epoca contemporanea
Published: December 30, 2012
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Dottore in Scienze della Comunicazione; Dottore in Letteratura, Filologia e Linguistica
Italiana, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy.
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Is it really possible to restrict the multi-faceted reality of health and disease to a given conceptual scheme, without the risk of ignoring the essence of these opposing, but complementary notions? On the basis of this question, this article proposes a reflection on disease and health through the analysis of the ontological and the positivistic paradigms. An attempt was made to explain their epistemological systems and theoretical evolution, in order to understand the many socio-anthropological and bioethical implications of health and disease. The study of the aforesaid paradigms has also allowed to highlight the semantic polyvalence of health and illness, and to conclude that their complexity is irreducible to both the dualistic view of the ontological model - which does not maintain the essential unity of the two phenomena examined here - and to the quantitative perspective of the positivist paradigm, focused on the idea of measuring nature. In fact, as human life requires gradual change and excludes measurability, similarly the vital manifestations of the normal and the pathological escape suffocating epistemological frameworks. This is because they disregard the additional meanings and the hermeneutical nuances of health and disease that are instead detectable through a less dogmatic speculation, which would hence be open to an interdisciplinary approach. It has also been opined that the ontological and the positivist visions have, more or less consciously, induced the gradual, ethical and symbolic impoverishment of the concepts of health and disease, through endorsing and helping to disseminate specific models of them. This impoverishment culminated, in summary, in the cultural removal of death and pain, in an altered relationship between doctors and patients, and in a materialistic idea of health. This ensues from the shift from the ontological to the positivistic framework: while the first interprets health and disease according to the manichaean dualism, and therefore to a potentially moralistic view, the second explains them in a more secularist and sometimes amoral way. This paradigmatic transition outlines a new collective mentality, which denies the reality of the pathological, absolutises the value of the normal, and thus enhances the dominance of an utopian medicine. This one, as no longer corresponds to the real needs of suffering people, reveals its superficial heart and so is incompatible with its humanitarian nature.
How to Cite
Gentile, R. (2012). Dall’homo patiens all’homo rebellis: analisi della nuova percezione di salute e malattia in epoca contemporanea. Medicina E Morale, 61(6). https://doi.org/10.4081/mem.2012.117
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